Signal phrase ideas9/12/2023 This helps you to clearly see the commonalities or points of divergence among your sources. In the relevant rows, fill in a short summary of how the source treats each theme or topic. In a synthesis matrix, each column represents one source, and each row represents a common theme or idea among the sources. This is a tool that you can use when researching and writing your paper, not a part of the final text. To more easily determine the similarities and dissimilarities among your sources, you can create a visual representation of their main ideas with a synthesis matrix. Transition words and phrases to link together different ideas.Signal phrases to attribute ideas to their authors.Topic sentences to introduce the relationship between the sources.Whether one source specifically refutes another or just happens to come to different conclusions without specifically engaging with it, you can mention it in your synthesis either way. This displays the relationships among sources and creates a sense of coherence.Ĭonsider both implicit and explicit (dis)agreements. Analyze and interpret their points of agreement and disagreement. Once you have a clear idea of how each source positions itself, put them in conversation with each other. Where do the sources agree or disagree?.How does each source relate to others? Does it confirm or challenge the findings of past research?.What questions or ideas recur? Do the sources focus on the same points, or do they look at the issue from different angles?.To synthesize sources, group them around a specific theme or point of contention. Further research needs to be carried out to determine whether the difficulty faced by adult monoglot speakers is also faced by adults who acquired a second language during the “critical period.” How to synthesize sources Schepens, van Hout, and van der Slik (2022) have revealed that the difficulties of learning a second language at an older age are compounded by dissimilarity between a learner’s first language and the language they aim to acquire. Recent research has considered other potential barriers to language acquisition. Their research seemed to confirm that young learners acquire a second language more easily than older learners. Building on Lenneberg’s (1967) theory of a critical period of language acquisition, Johnson and Newport (1988) tested Lenneberg’s idea in the context of second language acquisition. Research on the barriers to second language acquisition has primarily focused on age-related difficulties. It also doesn’t analyze the sources or consider gaps in existing research. This paragraph provides no context for the information and does not explain the relationships between the sources described. Schepens, van Hout, and van der Slik (2022) have found that age and language dissimilarity play a role in adults’ abilities to acquire a second language. Their findings suggest that young learners acquire a second language more easily than older learners. Johnson and Newport (1988) have researched the capability of young people to learn a second language. Example: Poor synthesisLenneberg (1967) theorized that language acquisition could occur only within a critical period of development between infancy and puberty. Let’s take a look at an example where sources are not properly synthesized, and then see what can be done to improve it.
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